Political Science
Parham Pourramezan
Abstract
With the end of the Cold War and the formation of new concepts in the attitude of the state-nations to the field of international relations, in an evaluative view, it can be said that environmental issues are considered as an element that promotes foreign policy, due to this, the environment in the minds ...
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With the end of the Cold War and the formation of new concepts in the attitude of the state-nations to the field of international relations, in an evaluative view, it can be said that environmental issues are considered as an element that promotes foreign policy, due to this, the environment in the minds of the nation-states has become a practical approach. According to the theoretical teachings. Today, many conflicts between governments are rooted in environmental policies. Due to its unique strategic position, the Persian Gulf region has experienced specific environmental geopolitical attitudes, in which the role of the 6 member states of the Persian Gulf Cooperation Council is increasingly important. How is the environment of the countries of the Persian Gulf Cooperation Council explained? It is worth mentioning that the research method of this article is qualitative with a descriptive and analytical approach, which has been collected through surveys, information in the field of articles, books and internet sites. Since this research is practical, we refrain from giving hypotheses. In the end, it can be mentioned that with the analysis of information, the incompatibility of development plans with environmental policies, lack of foresight, political acting of this council as a challenge and promotion of environmental security. regional, stability in environmental economy, lack of political use of environmental element as examples of challenges and opportunities.
Political Science
Parham Pourramezan
Abstract
Until a decade ago, the name of Saudi Arabia for the international community was synonymous with the use of domestic hard power such as executions, the murder of Khashoggi and such things, but for some time now, this country has been able to change its attitude in domestic and foreign policy with a tool ...
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Until a decade ago, the name of Saudi Arabia for the international community was synonymous with the use of domestic hard power such as executions, the murder of Khashoggi and such things, but for some time now, this country has been able to change its attitude in domestic and foreign policy with a tool such as the development of foreign policy. Football reforms and diplomacy should try to improve the image of Saudi Arabia in the minds of the world. Therefore, in recent years, this country has been developing ideas and taking practical measures in line with projects such as Neom, which is more based on the expansionism of the country's foreign policy than it is in line with the internal development of Saudi Arabia. Now, by mentioning this introduction, the main question of this research can be explained by what goals and tools are the development projects of Saudi Arabia in the domestic and foreign arenas? brought up The research method of this article is qualitative and with a descriptive and analytical approach, which can also be used to collect information from articles, books and websites. Since this research is exploratory, we refrain from giving hypothesis. By analyzing the information gathered in this regard, it can be concluded that Saudi Arabia's projects are planned based on unrealities, but it has tried to take steps in this field based on the facts. It seems that this country, despite having abundant energy reserves as well as rich financial resources, will suffer an increasing crisis of identity in the near future in order to raise the level of expectations of the Saudi society
Political Science
Atiyeh Vejdani Fakhr; Javad Tahmasebi
Abstract
Background and Aim: The International Criminal Court is a permanent and independent international body which, according to Article 5 of the Statute, deals with four categories of crimes, namely genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and crimes of rape, in the territory or by state citizens that ...
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Background and Aim: The International Criminal Court is a permanent and independent international body which, according to Article 5 of the Statute, deals with four categories of crimes, namely genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and crimes of rape, in the territory or by state citizens that may be exercised within the Court’s jurisdiction. Given the heinous crimes committed by ISIL members in the governments’ territory of Iraq and Syria, this apparently could be an issue to the Court’s jurisdiction.Research Methodology: The proposed study is analytical-descriptive in terms of its application and has been conducted by using library-based resources of laws and regulations, in particular the Statute of the Court.Results and Conclusion: The present article has investigated the possibility of applying judicial solutions to the International Criminal Court in investigating the crimes of the terrorist group ISIL as one of the most prominent Selfi -Takfiri groups and has concluded that based on the Court’ statute and due to the inability of the competent domestic courts, the International Criminal Court has jurisdiction over ISIL both in terms of universal jurisdiction and complementary jurisdiction.
Political Science
Massoumeh Dastmard
Abstract
The confrontation of tradition and modernity in contemporary Iran is a complex, sensitive and precise issue with many intellectual, historical, political and social delicacies. In addition to addressing the different angles of the issue and providing diverse materials and resources that are sometimes ...
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The confrontation of tradition and modernity in contemporary Iran is a complex, sensitive and precise issue with many intellectual, historical, political and social delicacies. In addition to addressing the different angles of the issue and providing diverse materials and resources that are sometimes very heterogeneous and inconsistent; the study of this issue also requires some sort of intellectual and scientific classification and reconstruction. The most fundamental challenge that Iran has faced for at least the past 150 years has been the confrontation of tradition and modernity and how to overcome this historical bottleneck. In this confrontation, some people find the only way to escape from the status quo as westernization and blind imitation of the west. Some also insist on the traditions of the past, the traditions that have been associated with many impurities and superstition in the course of events and historical developments and need to be refined and revised. But the past experience reminds us that don’t follow the path of extremist traditionalists and the radical modernists method because they have always failed. In this research, first, the tradition and modernity are defined and explained from the point of view of different scholars using a descriptive- analytical method, and then the historical background of the course of change and transformation are presented at the outset of constitutional movement as a proof of the result. Finally, the comparative analysis of the above issue is discussed and the most important areas of the research are examined.
